Fitness, Performance and Health Journal

Modern management and its role in improving the performance efficiency of the Iraqi Federation for Bodybuilding and Physical Fitness

2026-03-04T18:29:11+00:00

The research was conducted in order to develop and introduce a modern management scale for the Iraqi Bodybuilding and Fitness Federation, develop and apply a performance efficiency scale for the Iraqi Bodybuilding and Fitness Federation as well as identifying modern management of its role in raising performance efficiency within the Iraqi Bodybuilding Federation. Due to the nature of the problem, this researcher used a descriptive approach with relational methodology. The research sample was selected from among the members under the authority of the sub-federation of the Iraqi Bodybuilding and Fitness Federation (150 members). The two scales were applied to a sample of bodybuilding (75) members for the period from (June 6, 2025) to (August 4, 2025). This was an exploratory foray into the development of the two scales. To check the scales, the researchers used construct validity: this type of validity is verified via statistical analysis of items. 24 items for the modern management scale, and 22 items for the performance efficiency list were finalized after thorough revision of the two scales. Having developed the two scales, the researchers used the final scales with a sample of 70 members between August 20th 2025 and September 15th 2025. Results were discussed with pertinent scientific references. The findings of the study concluded that there is a moderate range of application ideas for modern management concepts in the Iraqi Federation for Bodybuilding and Fitness. They suggested adopting clear strategies for the complete application of modern management concepts in the Iraqi Federation for Bodybuilding and Fitness.

The Effect of the Differentiated Learning Strategy on Acquiring Some Basic Basketball Skills among Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

2026-02-16T10:55:48+00:00

Influence of differentiated learning approach on the development of some basic basketball skills among the students of faculty physical education and sport science. A pre and post-test equivalent group design was used in the study to suit its aims and nature. The study sample were (50) students from the College of Sport Education and Physical Science, were distributed randomly into experimental group and control one. The experimental group was instructed through differentiated instruction, and the control group studied with a traditional program. The instructional intervention was administered for 8 weeks, with two teaching units per week. Student’s tooling with basic basketball skills, such as dribbling, chest passing and stationary shooting among others, were measured using national standardized skill tests. Results: Arithmetic means, standard deviations and t-test were used to compare groups. After post-test measurement, analysis showed a significantly better performance of the experimental group compared to controls for all assessed skills in terms of effectiveness of differentiated learning over traditional method. These results indicate that instructional content and practice conditions tailored to individual learner differences may lead to motor learning. It is recommended that the differentiated instruction strategy serves as an effective learning approach to enhance basic basketball skills acquisition among university students. The study therefore suggests the inclusion of differentiated instructional methods to basketball skills delivery into higher institutions also continue in other sports and level of education.